I. Introduction
High-temperature and high-pressure dyeing is an important dyeing method for polyester fibers. Due to the dyeing characteristics of polyester fibers and the special method of high-temperature and high-pressure dyeing, it also has special requirements for leveling agents for high-temperature dyeing, and also due to textile semi-finished products. Differences in the form categories further create different specialized personality requirements for high temperature leveling agents.
Therefore, in addition to the basic fundamental properties such as slow-drying and dye transfer that are suitable for high-temperature conditions of 130°C, there should be special varieties that meet the dyeing characteristics of various types of semi-finished polyester fabrics. Otherwise, it will be difficult to apply specific products. The suitability of various types of personality characteristics in high temperature and high pressure dyeing is greatly reduced.
Second, different staining characteristics of different fiber semi-finished products
The types of textile semi-finished products of polyester fibers are also various types of loose fibers, yarns, and fabrics.
Disperse fiber dyeing is required for color spinning. Yarn dyeing is mainly used for dyeing, followed by sewing and embroidery, and dyeing of fabrics is used for clothing, home textiles, and industrial fabrics.
The dyeing of fabrics is also divided into various types such as loose dyeing, flat dyeing and warp dyeing.
Although high-temperature and high-pressure dyeing methods are also used, different types of fiber semi-finished products must be matched to different dyeing equipment that conform to the characteristics of their respective forms; otherwise, the fabrics will be significantly damaged in terms of style, features, and product quality. Impaired, or even the possibility of no dyeing.
The loose-type dip dyeing machine is suitable for weft knitting, warp knitted fabrics, and wool-like woven fabrics.
Flat web dyeing is suitable for woven fabrics with inelastic requirements, and in particular for thin filament woven woven fabrics, they are generally not such machines.
In the case of grid-type loose warp knit fabrics (such as mosquito net cloths), warp beam dyeing machines are suitable.
Yarn is mainly dyed in bobbin or caged skein. Although bulk fiber is also used for dyeing, it also has considerable differences with yarn dyeing.
Third, the basic function and individual requirements of high temperature leveling agent 3.1 basic functions of high temperature leveling agent:
Hydrophobic disperse dyes are suitable for the dyeing of hydrophobic polyester fibers, but the hydrophobic properties of the dyes determine its low water solubility.
This should be said to be a more contradictory issue in the dyeing process using water as a medium.
For this reason, in commercial disperse dyes, surfactants such as a diffusing agent having a ratio not lower than that of the dye are blended in a large amount.
Generally dye: Filler = 1:1~1.5.
As a high-temperature leveling agent added in the dyeing work bath, this also has a certain auxiliary and supplementary functions, so as to promote the dispersion and dispersion state of the disperse dye particles in the dyeing work bath and maintain a uniform and stable distribution.
This is especially important for lighter and medium-color shades where the amount of dye is less, because the amount of lighter, medium-colored dyes is relatively small, and the amount of diffusing agent introduced from the dye is also reduced synchronously. High-temperature leveling agents are necessary. Provide some certainty.
The leveling of the dyeing requires an ideal slow-drying function, which is a key function that all leveling agents must have.
However, disperse dyes for dyeing of polyester fibers need to be combined with a strong dye transfer function, because the dyeing of disperse dyes in polyester dyes has not been chemically reacted from beginning to end; and the tight structure of polyester fibers, and its extremely dense The characteristics such as the surface crystal layer play a key role in retardation, and the shift dyeing can make up for the emptiness in this aspect. Especially after reaching the 130°C heat preservation and dyeing stage, most of the dyestuffs in the dye bath have been dyed. Dyeing on the fibers, the slow dyeing function has basically fulfilled its mission. The dye transfer function has become the main role at this stage, and it will further promote and ensure the effect of the leveling agent on the overall target.
Therefore, slow-dyeing, dye-transfer and diffusion-assisted diffusion have become the fundamental elements of the high-temperature leveling agent, and they are basic functions that must be possessed in the use of various types of dyeing machines.
3.2 Analysis and Classification of Personalized Requirements:
The different dyeing operating modes of different dyeing machines, in turn, have also produced special requirements for the personalization of high temperature leveling agents.
In addition to the above-mentioned basic required functions, there is also a need for a series of specialized products that are individually differentiated, such as a low-foaming type, an anti-precipitation type, and an infiltration-strengthening type.
3.2.1 low foam type and its applicability:
For nozzle-type loose fabric dyeing machines such as liquid jets and jets, the dye bath is violently agitated due to the fast running of the fabric in a dyeing machine such as liquid jet and jet.
Especially in semi-full dyeing machines, certain auxiliaries and dyes are prone to foaming under these environmental conditions.
Levelers containing ethylene oxide adducts tend to foam more easily.
If the bubble continues to increase and reaches a certain level, it will cause the nozzle to form a foamy air suction, which will reduce the jet pressure and eventually cause the grey cloth to stop.
Once stalled, it is very likely to produce color flowers, and folds and seals are often accompanied. The longer the stall time, the more severe the consequences.
For this reason, the type of high-temperature leveling agent used in such dyeing machines should be low foam type.
Of course, from a subjective point of view, it is best to be bubble-free, but this does not meet the objective reality.
This kind of dyeing machine has a strong stirring effect from start to finish during operation. It is very beneficial to fully maintain a good suspension state of the undissolved dye in the dyeing bath, but on the other hand, it is a power source that continuously triggers foam, and it requires that it be completely free of It is impractical and impossible for the bubble to operate.
Therefore, the use of defoamers in semi-full flow and jet dyeing machines is still necessary.
However, it is necessary to mention that there is almost no need for foaming on fully-filled jet dyeing machines.
Another type of overflow dyeing machine, because the dyeing operation of the grey cloth is driven by the self-flow of the non-pressurized liquid, does not set the use of the nozzle, so it is also unnecessary to add an anti-foaming agent.
3.2.2 anti-precipitation type and its applicability:
For the high-temperature and high-pressure jiggers, the operation of the grey cloth is a mechanical transmission. The effect of foaming on the operation and dyeing of the dyeing does not have much influence.
However, the operating characteristics of this type of dyeing machine are that the transfer cloth does not change the water, and the smaller bath ratio makes the dye g/l unit concentration of the same color formula in the dyeing bath far greater than that of the liquid flow, jet type and bobbin, and bulk fiber. Dyeing machine (usually at least more than doubled).
These have correspondingly increased the objective conditions for the aggregation and precipitation of the suspended dyes in the dye bath, so the occurrence rate of the color point rickets is far greater than that of the dyeing machine equipped with a powerful circulation pump.
Therefore, they are particularly suitable for use with enhanced diffusion and anti-precipitation functions.
3.2.3 Intensification of penetration and its suitability:
Bobbins, caged hank, loose fiber dyeing machines and other equipment are also equipped with powerful circulation pumps. However, unlike liquid jet dyeing machines, they are completely immersed in dyeing baths. It does not use nozzles, and it is not very acute for foam problems and anti-settling requirements.
However, their water movement against the jiggers and their non-moving dyeing characteristics are much larger than those of the fiber stacks such as flow machines, jet machines, jiggers, etc. that use a single-layer fabric as the dyeing operation. In addition to the need for mechanical equipment including a warp dyeing machine, sufficient water penetration capability is provided to allow high-temperature leveling agents to supplement and intensify good penetration properties for all inner, middle and outer fibrous layers. Leveling of the machine is important and necessary.
Therefore, for them, it is appropriate to use a high-temperature leveling agent with enhanced penetration.
IV. Conclusion
Leveling is one of the main quality goals for dyeing, so the leveling agent's position is very important in dyeing.
The high-temperature and high-pressure dyeing of polyester fibers, the variety of textile semi-finished products, and their selectivity for dyeing equipment, also bring about a diversity of functional requirements for high-temperature leveling agents.
Therefore, the serialization and specificity of high-temperature leveling agents in design and development are inevitable and necessary, so as to meet the requirements of various types of production in high-temperature and high-pressure dyeing.
However, it must also be noted that the leveling agent is not the only factor that determines the leveling.
The factors affecting the leveling are: selection of the specific dye type (compatibility), heating rate, blockage operation, and status of the equipment.
Only by having reliable control over each factor can the leveling of dyeing be highly stable.
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