Progress in antibacterial hygiene finishing in foreign countries for 20 years

Progress in antibacterial hygiene finishing in foreign countries for 20 years

Progress in antibacterial hygiene finishing in foreign countries for 20 years

Antibacterial hygiene finishing is called antibacterial finishing and antimicrobial finishing in the United States and other countries; it is called antibacterial and deodorizing processing in Japan. Microorganisms include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and molds, and so far, there have been no reports of antiviral finishing.
There are two methods for producing antibacterial fabrics: one method is to add an antibacterial agent to a fiber-forming polymer, and after spinning, it is made into an antibacterial fiber. Another method is to use an antibacterial finishing method. In the comparative experiments on a large number of antibacterial fibers on the market, it was confirmed that the antibacterial durability of the antibacterial Cotton Fabric was significantly better than that of the antibacterial synthetic fiber. The reason for the analysis is that the antibacterial agent of the fiber core layer cannot migrate to the fiber cortex and does not have an antibacterial effect, but adding too much antibacterial agent will affect the physical index of the fiber. The best way to solve this problem is to make the antibacterial fiber of the sheath-core structure, that is, to add an excessive amount of the antibacterial agent to the skin layer, and the core layer is a common fiber.
Antibacterial finishing agents are divided into two types: dissolution type and non-dissolution type. The dissolution-type antibacterial finishing agent is not chemically combined with the fabric, but can be taken away by contact with water. Such antibacterial finishing agent is mainly used on disposable textiles; the non-dissolving antibacterial finishing agent can be chemically bonded to the fabric, which The finishing is durable for wearing and repeated washing by grafting or polymerizing an antibacterial agent on the fiber or by mixing an antibacterial agent into the spinning dope to achieve controlled release of the active material for durability.
The ideal features of antibacterial finishing are:
A. Durable for washing, dry cleaning, etc.;
B. It has broad-spectrum and high-efficiency antibacterial properties against harmful microorganisms;
C, no toxicity to the user;
D. It has good gas permeability, does not damage the fiber, and does not cause color change of the fabric;
E. Compatible with other finishing agents;
F, the processing method is simple, and the processing cost is cheap.
Although as early as 4,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians used medicinal plants to protect the mummies. During the Second World War, the Germans wore sterilized military uniforms to prevent secondary infections, but antibacterial finishing. The large-scale development phase was from the late 1960s to the early 1970s. The antibacterial agents developed at this stage were mainly:
1. Organic mercury compounds: such as pyridine oleate, mercury phenyl oleate, allyl triazine mercury.
2. Organic copper compounds: such as copper hydroxy naphthalate, copper pentachlorophenol, copper 8-hydroxyquinoline.
3. Organic zinc compounds: such as zinc pentachlorophenol, zinc naphthalate, zinc salicylate, and the like.
4. Organic lead compounds: such as lead tributyl acetate, methyl lead sulfide, lead pentachlorophenol, etc.
5. Organotin compounds: such as tributyltin acetate, dimethyl lauryl acetate, tin tributylbutyrate.
6, other metals: such as cadmium pentachlorophenol, barium stearate, cobalt pentachlorophenol and so on.
7. Inorganic metal compounds: such as Ag, AgCl, Cu, Cu(OH)2, Hg
8. Phenols: such as pentachlorophenol, tetrabromo-o-cresol, salicylic acid aniline, dihydroxydichlorodiphenylmethane.
9. Heterocyclic compounds: such as pyrazoles, pyrimidines, and pyrroles.
10. Other organic compounds: such as pentachlorophenyl lauric acid, triphenylmethane dye malachite green and crystal violet, etc.
Most of these preparations have very little dosage and are effective, and they are mostly dissolution-producing antibacterial agents and are not resistant to washing. Later, due to the formaldehyde problem caused by people's investigation of skin inflammation caused by fabrics, in 1973 Japan established the "Restriction Law on Household Products Containing Harmful Substances", organic mercury compounds are prohibited from use, and other parts of metal compounds, etc., because of their The skin has a harmful effect and is mostly abolished. Another type of antibacterial agent BCA/747 (ie 2-(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazole)-4-phenyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine) and α-bromocinnamin, which are well known to dyeing and finishing technicians in China. Aldehydes are prohibited from being used in clothing due to the discovery of potential toxicity. Some inorganic antibacterial agents, such as Hg (mercury), Sn (tin), As (arsenic) and their oxides, although have good antibacterial properties, are not washable because they do not have a strong bond with the fabric. Poor fastness, more serious, is toxic and has been explicitly banned for textiles. In the spring of 2001, a Nike T-shirt was banned in the world (including China) due to its toxic tin compound TBT.
Since the 1980s, there have been antibacterial finishing agents with good effects, high safety and washing resistance. The processing technology has become more and more mature, and it has moved toward the development stage of antibacterial hygiene. However, the following problems also exist: (1) Antibacterial spectrum problem: Since bacteria, fungi and mold have different cell structures, it is difficult for a single antibacterial agent antibacterial finishing agent to have a broad spectrum antibacterial effect. For example, halogenated diphenyl ethers have poor antibacterial effects against fungi and molds; compounds that rely on quaternary ammonium salt cations are positively bacteriostatic (some people call it "physical antibacterial" in commercial propaganda, which is actually unscientific) It has poor antibacterial effect on fungi without negative charge. (2) Durability problem: One type is that the antibacterial finishing agent itself is not firmly bonded to the fiber, and thus does not have good washing resistance. The other type is a quaternary ammonium salt compound, wherein the organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt is one of the more studied ones. The antibacterial mechanism of the antibacterial finishing agent is that the quaternary ammonium salt cation attracts the negatively charged bacteria, destroying the bacterial cell wall and causing it to The contents ooze and die. Although these products are resistant to nonionic surfactants and cationic surfactants, the daily use of detergents is anionic surface-washing agents, so that anionic surfactants are washed. In combination with the cationic quaternary ammonium salt, the antimicrobial fabric loses its antibacterial effect.
Since the 1990s, the durability and antibacterial properties of antibacterial hygiene have been newly developed, and multi-functional products such as antibacterial, antibacterial, antibacterial, antistatic, antibacterial, water and oil repellent have emerged, as well as antibacterial bleaching and one bath method. A new process such as antibacterial dyeing and one bath method. Antibacterial hygiene finishing products have been industrialized in the United States, Japan, etc., and a large number of products have been put on the market and are welcomed by consumers. According to Clark M Welch, an antibacterial hygiene organizer in the Southern Research Center of the United States, antibacterial finishing agents are strictly controlled in the United States and require the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Consumer Safety Commission. (CPSC) recognizes that there are 18 poisoning experiments for an antibacterial finishing agent, which takes 3-4 years and consumes a lot of money. Therefore, there are fewer types of antibacterial sanitizers supplied in the United States. The price is more expensive. In Japan, there are more than ten chemical companies, such as Shin-Etsu Chemical, Daiwa Chemical, Teijin Pharmaceutical, Dainippon Ink, Sumitomo, Kitakung Chemical and Matsumoto Oil, which produce different compositions of antibacterial finishing agents. Most of the antibacterial agents are organosilicon seasons. Ammonium salt, chitin, diphenyl ether aromatic halide or composite; and the "Japan Fiber Products Sanitary Processing Agreement" was established by relevant manufacturers and health organizations. Antibacterial hygiene in the UK focuses on military and medical applications. For example, Dorset in the South of England has developed a cloth that absorbs odors and other harmful gases. It is a natural fiber made of chlorides and other inorganic salts. Made after special chemical treatment, it has been widely used in medical dressing and ulceration wounds.
[China Antibacterial Fabric Network ]
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