The middle reaches of the Yellow River is dominated by Henan Province, including the central plains of eastern Shaanxi, southeastern Shanxi, southern Hebei and western Shandong. It is one of the cradle of Chinese civilization. The loess in this area is thick and thick, and it is difficult to mine jade resources. The required jade materials are from the surrounding areas. In the early and middle of the Neolithic Age, the jade artifacts were lacking, and only a small number of ornaments such as pendants were found, but many of them were turquoise products, indicating that the Central Plains was the earliest area in the country to make and use turquoise ornaments.
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In the middle and late Yangshao culture about 5,500 years ago, the jade articles in the Central Plains increased in both quantity and class. At the Xipo site in Lingbao, Henan, nearly 10 perforated jade urns were unearthed, mostly in the form of long, thick tongues. The unearthing of these batches of jade has changed the history of the unearthed jade in the Central Plains area 5,000 years ago. However, the real rise of the jade culture in the Central Plains region is about the Longshan era about 4,500 to 4,000 years ago. At present, the most abundant jade articles unearthed in the Longshan era are the Taosi culture distributed in the southeastern part of Shanxi. According to statistics, there are more than 1,000 pieces of jade unearthed from the archaeological excavations of the three sites of the Taotao Temple, Linyi Xiayu Village and Qicheng Qingliang Temple.
Overview of Taosi culture jade, not only changed the situation of the number of jade artifacts in the Yangshao period, but also the monotonous features of the instrument category. This diversified feature initially shows the geographical and cultural advantages of the “eight-party convergence†and the accumulation of thin hair in the Central Plains.
The jade combination represented by ç®, ç’§ and é’º is the basic feature of the Liangzhu culture jade in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There are also many ç®, ç’§ and é’º in the Tao Temple culture, but most of the shapes have their own characteristics. Such a variety of shackles originate from different regions and cultures. The rounded maize with large mesopores may be the product of the influence of Liangzhu culture; the square jade, the shadow of Hongshan culture; the jade scorpion, apparently from the Haitang area; and the two or more ç’œThe combination of multiple rafts is unique to the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. In addition to the Taosi culture, it is also found in Shijie in northern Shaanxi and Qijia culture in the northwest.
If we say that the 渚 渚 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五The light element has no grain and obviously lacks mystery, and more reflects the "Ruiyu" characteristic of the status status symbol in the secular society. Yuxi is a representative class of Taosi jade. It has been unearthed for more than 100 pieces. The basic shape is mainly composed of a rectangular trapezoid. In addition to the main hole associated with the tying handle, one to several "scattering holes" are common. The tomb of No. 3168 Tao Temple was unearthed with a length of 16.8, a blade end width of 9, and a thickness of 0.34 cm. There are four holes in the body, three are "scattering holes", and the "scattering holes" are embedded with jade pieces specially designed for processing.
This method of inlaid jade (or turquoise) is apparently derived from the Haitang area, but it is absorbed and carried forward for the Tao Temple jade, so that the Erlitou culture and the Shang Dynasty in the Central Plains are more popular. There are indications that the Tao Temple jade from the shape of the shape to the craft is an important source of Erlitou culture and even Shang Zhou jade.
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